by的用法小结：
1、介词 prep. 在…旁靠近 · Our teacher was sitting by the window. 我们的老师正坐在窗户旁边。 · Stand by me!
站到我的身旁来！ · We spent our holiday by the sea. 我们在海边度假。
2、 介词 prep. 经过 · He walked by me without speaking. 他走过我的身旁，没有说话。 · My brother goes by the building every day. 我弟弟每天从这楼旁走过。
3、介词 prep. 用靠通过
using (showing who or what did something) · I know it by heart. 我把它记在心头。 · They can read by touch. 他们可以通过手摸来阅读。 · By getting up early， I can have an hour for reading English in the morning. 靠起得早，我每天早晨有一小时时间阅读英语。
4、介词 prep. 不迟于 not later than · I shall be back by 5 o'clock. 最迟五点我一定回来。 · How many English parties had you had by the end of last term? 到上学期末，你们举行了几次英语晚会
5、介词 prep. 通过沿着 through along over · We came through the fields， not by the road. 我们是穿过田野而不是沿那条路来的。 · to send a letter by post 通过邮局寄信
6、介词 prep. （表示作者）被由
word that shows the author， painter， etc. · Thirty divided by two is fifteen. 三十除以二得十五。 · The child was saved by a PLA man. 这孩子是由一位解放军战士救活的。 · This bridge was built by the soldiers. 这座桥是士兵们造的。
7、介词 prep. （指交通等）乘用
word that shows what kind of transport， etc. · The man came by bus. 那人是坐公共汽车来的。 · They went to Shanghai by air. 他们坐飞机去上海。
8、介词 prep. 在…情况下在…时间 during · Do you prefer travelling by day or by night? 你喜欢在白天还是在夜晚旅行
9、介词 prep. （表示部分）在…部位 word that shows which part · She led the child by the hand. 她拉着孩子的手往前走。
10、副词 adv. 在旁边 near · He gave me a story book when nobody was by. 当附近无人的时候他把小说给了我。
11、副词 adv. 从旁边经过 past · He hurried by without a word. 他匆匆地走过去没有说一句话。 · Time has gone by. 时间已过去了。 · She walked by. 她走过去了。
